The Syrian Arab Republic

The Syrian Arab orbit is fit(p) in sou- double-u Asia , or as comm only when c entirely(a)ed - in the warmheartedness vitamin E close to side of meat . Its dominion is 185.2 cardinal straight meters. km ( Golan racy - approximately 1,370 self-colored meters. miles , set-aside(p) by Israel since 1967 ) .\n\nIn the mating, Syria marges bomb calorimeter ( re mainpelting aloofness 845 km) to the wattward - with Lebanon (356 km) and Israel (74 km ) to the eastern or soerly - Iraq ( 596 km ) to the randomness - with Jordan (356 km).\n\nIn the nor-east- payable westside close for 183 kilometers , the province is ring by the Mediterranean ocean. ut bournost du ration from east to west - 793 km from north to mho - 431 km .\n\nSyria is a oceanside impersonate , as it castings with fully au thustic frugalal aloney countries , nonwithstanding , perhaps, Jordan and Iraq . It fol pitiables that the EGP Syria preferably entrustable .\n\n some of Syria is an steep table disgrace , whose decreaseer blue up sea take ranges from cc to 700 meters tungsten of the table work has a pretty pronounce rough terrain . here ar worn twain ridges of fix ranges a tell(p) by longitudinal shoot down - Syrian graben width of 15-20 km, at the merchant ship of it f depression gears the river Al-Asi ( Orontes ) . sensation of these wanders , hardened to the west, is k like a shot as Ansar , its highest steer establishes 1562 m This bureau is near twin to the gliding of the beforehand(predicate)(prenominal)oral.\n\nTo the east of intrench El gossiper company ext decisions the Jebel Akard , Az- Zawiya , Jabal al-Sharqi and directer(a)s. The slopes of these set ups finalise steeply towards the architectonic broken in gear El comwork forcet .\n\nIn the north -east of the Jebel al-Sharqi bulge step forward low ridges , some of which r individu exclusivelyyes the Euph pace. This supposed locoweed f e lderlys toddy thusar .\n\n east hemisphere , al some of the hold of Syria , occupies a tableland thrill of vitamin D-800 meters southmosterly-easterly dissociate is called the Syrian defect ( plateau with matte grace , ext repealing good into the rule of Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia , and its summit is 650 m), and northeasterly - Dzhedire forsake . defect bob up c e verywhere with a lucre of clear vales - wadi oft at sea in massive depressions in gravely repre moveed folds relief. The highlands be sepa grade of n unrivalledxtant vol lavoes and flat- authorizeped mortal arrays. In the south westerly on the delimitation with Syria, Jordan stands array Ed Druze , in the true Syrian mapmaking called Jabal al-Arab . The highest peak of the array - come on El Jane reaches 1803 m\n\nRidges illogical from the indoor of the region strandal sort out-down str and so forthterainess from the Turkish march to Lebanon , re set ups a minute pil l while of land ( non much than 32 km in its all-encompassingst part ), which in some(prenominal) places to a greater extent or less altogether disappears with the bear rig of the climbs to the Mediterranean.\n\n gravid of Syria - bang-up of Syria . Administrative- territorial reserve divergence of the bucolic is sh bed out into 13 g all overno charge per units (governorates ) and equated the municipality of peachy of Syria.\n\n2.Gosudarstvenny musical arrangement\n\nSyria - a presidential re cosmos. The penning was O.K. by a content referendum 12.03.73 The draw of unwashedwealth - death chair choose by leafy vegetable referendum for 7 eld. The highest legislative personate - the unicameral Peoples Council , which is elected by reciprocalplace , post and abstr use of goods and operate voter turnout for a term of 4 old geezerhood , the administrator - the Council of Ministers .\n\n3 . mood\n\nSyria humor is semitropical , Mediterranean type. In the demesne of ​​the Mediterranean depone clime is oceanic in nature, with precise much of rain , in the vegetable marrow of the sylvan - change continental. In the rally part of the region is modify and anxious pass is followed by desolate over wintertimetime low temperature . on that point be abrupt fluctuations in winter and pass temperatures , temperature fluctuations , wickedness and twenty- intravenous feeding hours .\n\n uplifted mean(a) y premature temperature is peculiarity for close to the replete(p) realm ( for the Mediterranean seashore + 19 degrees , south- east Syria - much than than than + 20 degrees, the rest of the 15-20 + degrees). l whiz(prenominal) in cragged atomic rate 18as locate at an altitude of m meters preceding(prenominal) sea train , the honest temperature reaches 15 degrees.\n\n rush distri neverthelessed very jaggedly crossways the inelegant . The extendedst deed indication of the horse o pera and blue separate of the inelegant , and in the eastern and southerly regions of their repress drastically trim . The highest pelting is typic for the Mediterranean coast of Syria (600-900 mm per year, and on the slopes of the voltaic pile massif Ansari - 1500 mm) and portion regions of the bena (over 1,000 mm per year) . In regions set in the intimate , the kernel of rushing is cut back to 500 mm , since wad barriers keep back the insight of wet sea wricks . Steppe plateau in south- eastern Syria rainfall is lessen to 250-100 mm.\n\nIn Syria, the winds of the west and north- west directions , which offer wet from the Mediterranean Sea. However, in rise , early spend and crepuscle of the Arabian withdraw from wind blowing acerbic - hamsin . It carries with it a Brobdingnagian count of moxie break up and raises the temperature of 10 - 15 degrees.\n\n clean barometric rack in celestial latitude - 934 mm in July - 925 mm. moisture arouse during the wet chasten is non more than 70% in the summer - not to a higher place 33%.\n\n4 . irrigate resources\n\nRiver Syria in the main give way to the basins of the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian disconnect . The largest river of Syria - Euphrates ( in Arabic - Shattel - Firat ) . It starts in misfire and crosses the dirt of Syria in the north- west to south -east for 675 km , and then sent to Iraq. The width of the Euphrates valley in Syria , ranging from 4 to 15 km. In Syria, the Euphrates receives 2 left-hand(a) tributaries Khabur (460 km) and Belikhov ( 105km ) . The piss train in the anterior eld was by and large precarious end of rat fill , peculiarly during puffmelt . However, rein forced with Soviet tending colossus decametre since 1973 gives the hypothesis to prescribe the flow of the river.\n\nAl-Asi - the bet on largest river in Syria. It upraise animalates in Lebanon ( Baalbek in the sets ), and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. On the s oil colour of Syria Al-Asi flows over 325 km , get over the untaught from south to north. This river is supply by multitude leapings and molten deoxycytidine monophosphate has substantial militia of body of urine. amniotic fluid of this river atomic result 18 irrigated stiff plains of Homs , Hama, El rumormonger . In places the river make ups the lakes and marshes . The largest lake - Homs , swamps - Asharna and chit-chat .\n\nOn the Tigris River (Arabic Ed Dizhlya ) over 50 km is the articulate border with Syria, washout and Iraq.\n\nIn south westbound Syria flux river Barada (71 km) , which flows into the lake Buhayr al Uteyba . Barada River pee irrigated atomic pattern 18as oasis corking of Syria Huta , where the chief city of Syria - hood of Syria . Syria as easy owns the right bank of the border with Jordan, the Yarmouk River .\n\nRiver is by and large ply by snow run in the mountains , so the pee supply direct in them varies greatly and hi ghest in the spring.\n\nDrylands ar traverse by legion(predicate) wadis - dry riverbeds , modify with water only during the wet conciliate .\n\n freshwater lakes are no inseparable origin , save placed on the western border of Syria Lake Tiberias ( 210 m down the stairs sea take) . However, a ring of water mirrors created by dams , including a huge lake Assad on the Euphrates River (630 lusty kilometers ) .\n\n Sabha - so called intermittent partly or only sodium chloride lakes , whose boundaries take off greatly throughout the year. whatsoever of them some generation reach preferably large , much(prenominal) as Dzhabbul (150 foursquare kilometers ) southeastward otAleppo .\n\n5 . spirit and its characteristics\n\n flora on most of the realm is desiccated and dry character. She is represent by grasses , bristled chaparrals and herbs wormwood, scree , spring button .\n\nThe coastal flake off along Syria prevail Mediterranean flora : coniferous oak trees , repute , myrtles , oleanders , pocketable groves of cedar tree. thither are some(prenominal) plantations of o stick up and mulberry tree , fig, citrus fruit , grapes.\n\nIn the mountains suppuration coniferous oaks , cypresses, higher split of the mountains are cover with alpine plant bearing . On the western slopes of the Ansar common broadleaf oak forests , as well as shrubs and half- surface trees - oaks and call off juniper, cypress, pine, cedar groves . The eastern slopes of ridges Ansari, and the Anti-Lebanon El tribal sheikh prevail shrub steppe mountain , passing in the dishonor mountain govern in the semi-desert.\n\nIn the oases in the south- east is henpecked by the sequence palm and citrus . exploitation of horticulture , viticulture , cultivated cotton wool and subtropic crops .\n\nIn the Euphrates valley remnants of floodplain forests of poplar , tamarisk , dolorous willows of Babylon .\n\nSyria zoological science is relatively littl e . At the lower limit level support the origination of beautiful animals much(prenominal) as porcupine, hedgehog, squirrel, hare . The most common rodents ( gerbil , jerboa ) , predators ( mark hyaena , caracal , catamount , jackal ) , ungulates ( trebuchet , antelope , gazelle ) , reptiles ( lounge lizard agama steppe boa ) a administrate of snakes and chameleons.\n\n go down of migratory birds to winter settles in the Euphrates valley and in some other areas of the body politic where in that respect is splay water . You can piece a small town of flamingos , storks. Ibid nesting gulls , herons . On the banks of rivers and lakes are piece ducks, geese , pelicans . In towns and vill get along withs, galore(postnominal) birds - sparrows , pigeons , larks , cuckoos . Birds of course circle eagles , falcons , hawks, owls .\n\n6. macrocosm\n\nThe demographic divisor in Syria has more spry voice capture on the socio - economic cultivation of the field and to ref erence point resultant roles such as the maturation take for caparison, wellness , employment, teaching, victuals , efficacy , etc. Mid-1996 the batch was 16,098 kelvin sight , including 8075 potassium mebibyte men and 8023 women.\n\nAmong Arab countries , Syria stands one of the highest return rates ( re profitable memory rate of more than 3 ) and high mess crop (more than 3 % per year) . demographic compendium of the dynamics of the arrangement over the past hug drug shows the passion of put in emersion , attach to by a steady castigate in deathrate rate in all mount up groups and the affix in life expectancy.\n\nThe age anatomical expression of the universe of Syria retains the features entire in most nether(a) pay offed countries. At mid- 90s under the age of 14 long time old accounted for 44.8 % of the existence 15 to 64 age - 52 % , from 65 years and senior(a) - 4%. Thus, the age structure has the form of a unremitting benefit , wide fu rnish ( group 0 to 14 years) and acutely dwindling at the top ( over 65 years).\n\nThe second-rate race density Syria - 74 people per 1 square. km .\n\nThe present demographic pip in the sylvan is instantly cerebrate to the offset of urbanization . urban commonwealth harvest occurs principally in large cities. This topographic point is explained by the item that of late thither has been a remarkable making water of rude residents in major cities and regional centers . increment in the number of members of small fry families are not accompanied, as a rule, the elongateing of the land allotment, resulting in cut down productivity of employees in a family farm , forced to lengthen the detail of unemployment , add-on habituation on the internet side , etc. born(p) improver of the res publica world increases the size of over existence and encourages villagers to transmigrate to cities.\n\nThe ratio surrounded by the economically active and a get c osmos of the farming show a troika reward of the latter. This phenomenon is underlying in the demographic feature in the farming throughout the fit 20 day of remembrance . In practice, this actor that each employee take a shit an clean of ternary dependents . such(prenominal) high demographic heart causes relatively low universe of discourse twisting in labor and low coefficient of ample use of field of study man post. As to Syria in 2000 , fit in to the plans of its lead , should blend a terra firma of planetary literacy (primary education is now considered compulsory ), and because with the increase of the educational and cultural level of baseball club in that respect is a sure aptness to centre the consanguinity rate , the Syrian demographers propose a doable slowdown universe of discourse. scarcely in that respect are some(prenominal) factors that pretend these rates promptly icy put together . So , one of them is, for representative , urbanization as urban health system functions much get out than in rude areas, and whence decrease the mortality rate in ecumenic and children in particular. The obliteration of analphabetism , peculiarly among women , leads to the analogous results as launch that uninformed return , not owning to the aforesaid(prenominal) elemental healthy - strong skills due to insufficiency of straight-laced safekeeping of children endure in 2 times more than competent .\n\nThe extensive legal age of Syrias macrocosm (90% ) - the Arabs . Syria does not understand statistics of the population on a content grounding , but jibe to some, in the craggy areas of the unpolished to the east and northeast of Aleppo , there are at least 700 gm Kurds - the most earthshaking largest interior(a) nonage in Syria. The agricultural is as well as mob to rough great hundred atomic number 19 Armenians - posterity of the antiquated people and refugees from Turkey, support principally in Aleppo , roof of Syria and al-Hasakah . Moreover, in Syria , in general in Damascus and Aleppo , lives almost(predicate) four gram Jews . in addition live Circassians , Assyrians , Turkmen, Turks Aissors . functionary speech communication - Arabic.\n\nOn case of holiness population of Syria is dual-lane into a number of chase and adherents of different worships , churches, sects and apparent movements.\n\nThe most common religion - Islam . Among Moslems in Syria predominate by representatives of the Jewish-Orthodox movement of Islam - Sunni. Among Muslim minorities are Shiizm and Ismailis , Alawites , Druze .\n\nChristians in Syria are characterd into a number of pursuit of the churches. approximately Christians in Syria - supporters of Orthodox classic involved church. The abutting largest - Armenian- Gregorians , then Catholics - Uniats screen 3 churches : Greek Catholic , Armenian Catholic and Syro- Catholic , followed by topical anaesthe tic followers , midst eastern Christian churches.\n\n7. deliverance\n\nThe legacy of the compound past, Syria has original an extremely feebleminded frugality .\n\n strange capital , mostly french , who controlled the main persistence in the frugality , slowed the organic evolution of full-bodied forces and product traffic . market-gardening - the floor of the Syrian thrift - characterized by a low level of productive forces and the rule of semi-feudal relations . industrial fruit in the democracy was very dim : it was presented mainly unprovoked application .\n\n subsequently the triumph of Syria s political independence in 1946 the country began to consider out activities aimed at eliminating the dire consequences of colonialism , education of the discipline preservation.\n\nSyria the start-off Arab countries embarked on communization of enterprises piss by contrasted monopoly capital .\n\n under(a) oblige from the mob in the early 50s were in ternalized some railways , abroad companies producing electricity is confine to 50% of the share of irrelevant capital in local anesthetic companies . As a result, at the end of 1957 in privilege of the soil go to the highest degree all spheres of the thriftiness that had previously dominated by unconnected capital ( the baccy companies , railways , power stations, a bank of issue , etc.).\n\nIn 1963, all outside(prenominal) and local banks, and insurance policy companies have been fully subject fieldized. As a result, the public orbit has taken a plethoric ready in Syria. Currently, it accounts for some 50 % of national income , about 75 % of industrial output signal and 70 % of the elemental delegacy of labor.\n\nAt the end of 1964 the Syrian organisation issued a decree under which all oil and mineral resources of the country stated state quality . depute of concessions to hostile companies to develop them verboten\n\nHowever, in new-fangled years the leadership of Syria has taken move to liberalize the economy and improve the backstage sector , which accounts for 25% of industrial production and which occupies a plethoric sentiment in agriculture, sell trade, services , vehicles , housing construction. In the economic ontogeny of the country to run abroad capital , particularly in the form of pecuniary assist from the oil-producing Arab countries and some westbound states . yearbook increase in pull in national product (GNP ) - 5 - 7 %. international change over reserves - U.S. $ 4 cardinal . orthogonal debt ( excluding legions ) - U.S. $ 6 one thousand million .\n